The effect of cooperative infrastructure fees on high-speed rail and airline competition

This paper explores the effects of cooperation between rail and air infrastructures in setting per-passenger fees prior to competition among airlines high-speed (HSR) a transport network. It is shown that, for sufficiently low degree substitution, results lower greater HSR traffic than under competition. Besides, it leads more connecting passengers. An empirical application allows quantitative assessment cooperation. Gains passengers operators are sizeable when either involves all infrastructure managers or hub airport managers. Welfare gains range 10.4–11.1%. Our contribution offers an ex-ante analysis about benefits intermodal at upstream level. • integrated network providers. Upstream may lead Cooperation providers operators. noting how encourage rail.